The same-looking trace can represent very different voltages and time intervals. Cropped images without scales make it difficult to decide whether an event is normal or abnormal.

Interpreting the evidence

Keep the original recording and label the channel, measurement point, timebase, voltage range and operating condition. Include the decoder settings where digital data is involved. A comparison trace is useful only when the setup and vehicle condition are genuinely comparable.

Keep this evidence

Send the native capture file where possible, together with the symptom and circuit identification.

A reference waveform supports an investigation; it does not override differences in engine, sensor generation or operating speed.

Speak to AXION

For complex vehicle-electronics diagnostics, send your vehicle details and fault report. Workshop assessment is in Didcot, Oxfordshire. Suitable postal or remote work is confirmed before booking.

Technical background from Pico Technology. The referenced design explains the principle; the vehicle-specific procedure determines the repair.